SS-31 (Szeto-Schiller 31), also known as MTP-131 or Elamipretide, is a small, cell-permeable tetrapeptide (D-Arg-dimethylTyr-Lys-Phe-NH2) that is one of the Szeto-Schiller (SS) peptides. It selectively targets the inner mitochondrial membrane and binds selectively to cardiolipin. Elamipretide is a pharmacological agent whose effects on mitochondria can improve physiological parameters in mitochondrial myopathies and aging.
Clinical studies show that treatment with SS-31 reverses the age-related decline in maximum mitochondrial ATP production (ATPmax) and oxidative phosphorylation coupling (P/O), restores redox homeostasis, improves mitochondrial quality, and increases exercise tolerance without increasing mitochondrial content.
Elamipretide has been studied for the treatment of numerous conditions, including heart failure, macular degeneration, accelerated wound healing, and hypertension. The drug’s potential is considered quite high. SS-31 is currently approved for the treatment of Barth syndrome, dry age-related macular degeneration, primary mitochondrial myopathy, and Leber hereditary optic neuropathy.
SS-31 can accumulate in mitochondria and neutralize reactive oxygen species. The drug has pronounced antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It protects mitochondria—the cellular energy plants—from damage. SS-31 stabilizes the inner mitochondrial membrane, improves ATP production, reduces oxidative stress and inflammation, thereby restoring cellular function, improving endurance, protecting the heart and brain, and slowing aging.
The drug is used in various aspects of rehabilitation and anti-aging therapy.
Cardiology: protecting the heart during ischemia and improving myocardial function.
Neurology: supporting neurons. SS-31 is potentially beneficial for Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases.
Metabolism: improves cellular function in diabetes and obesity.
Rehabilitation and sports medicine: increases endurance and accelerates recovery.
The lyophilized form of SS-31 is intended for subcutaneous administration. The recommended initial dosage for preventive therapy courses is 1-2 mg per day, and for intensive recovery courses, 4-10 mg per day, depending on the patient’s condition and the specific therapy. To achieve a synergistic effect, SS-31 can be used in combination with MOTS-C, BPC-157, and other peptides. Consult your physician for individualized dosage, administration regimen, and drug compatibility.
Not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding, as the effects on the fetus and breastfeeding have not been studied.
Clinical studies have shown SS-31 to be highly safe, with mild side effects. The most common (approximately 50% of cases) is a mild, transient injection site reaction (erythema, itching); this reaction subsides when alternating injection sites. Headache and dizziness may also occur in rare cases. These effects are also mild and transient, comparable to placebo. Notify your physician if you have any side effects while taking the medication.
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